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      <a href="/2016/01/05/python/python基础语法/" title="python基础语法" itemprop="url">python基础语法</a>
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		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Python基础语法"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Python基础语法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#python版本"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">python版本</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#python的安装"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">python的安装</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#字符串"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符串</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#三种引号的区别"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">三种引号的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#字符串连接"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符串连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#格式说明符"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">格式说明符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#原始字符串与Unicode"><span class="toc-number">1.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">原始字符串与Unicode</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#数值与运算符"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">数值与运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#捐赠"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">捐赠</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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		<h2 id="Python基础语法">Python基础语法</h2><h3 id="python版本">python版本</h3><p>虽然python3已经发布很长时间了，但现在大部分开发者使用的版本还是python2。主要原因是python3的改动比较大，并且向下兼容性不是很好，但是python3是未来的发展方向，所以作为初学者还是推荐学习python3版本。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[centos@bogon ~]$ python</div><div class="line">Python <span class="number">2.6</span><span class="number">.6</span> (r266:<span class="number">84292</span>, Nov <span class="number">22</span> <span class="number">2013</span>, <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">16</span>:<span class="number">22</span>) </div><div class="line">[GCC <span class="number">4.4</span><span class="number">.7</span> <span class="number">20120313</span> (Red Hat <span class="number">4.4</span><span class="number">.7</span><span class="number">-4</span>)] on linux2</div><div class="line">Type <span class="string">"help"</span>, <span class="string">"copyright"</span>, <span class="string">"credits"</span> <span class="keyword">or</span> <span class="string">"license"</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> more information.</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line">[centos@bogon ~]$ python3</div><div class="line">Python <span class="number">3.4</span><span class="number">.4</span> (default, Jan  <span class="number">5</span> <span class="number">2016</span>, <span class="number">21</span>:<span class="number">54</span>:<span class="number">11</span>) </div><div class="line">[GCC <span class="number">4.4</span><span class="number">.7</span> <span class="number">20120313</span> (Red Hat <span class="number">4.4</span><span class="number">.7</span><span class="number">-16</span>)] on linux</div><div class="line">Type <span class="string">"help"</span>, <span class="string">"copyright"</span>, <span class="string">"credits"</span> <span class="keyword">or</span> <span class="string">"license"</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> more information.</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="python的安装">python的安装</h3><p>下面主要介绍在python2的基础上安装python3(python2与python3版本共存)，因为现在大部分linux发现版本自带的python版本还是python2</p>
<ol>
<li>安装环境</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">yum install gcc </div><div class="line">yum install zlib-devel </div><div class="line">yum install make</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>下载python3版本<br>进入网站选择python版本：<a href="https://www.python.org/ftp/python/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/</a><br>这里选择的是Python-3.4.4.tgz </li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.4/Python-3.4.4.tgz</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>解压、编辑和安装</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">tar -zxvf Python-3.4.0.tgz </div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> Python-3.4.0 </div><div class="line">./configure –prefix=/opt/python3 </div><div class="line">make all </div><div class="line">make install</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>链接到bin目录</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ln <span class="_">-s</span> /opt/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>提示：在python交互模式下方向键变字母的问题</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#安装readline-devel</span></div><div class="line"><span class="variable">$yum</span> install readline-devl</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">#重新安装python</span></div><div class="line">$./configure</div><div class="line"><span class="variable">$sudo</span> make install</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="字符串">字符串</h3><h4 id="三种引号的区别">三种引号的区别</h4><p>实例：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">'hello python3'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">'hello python3'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"this's python3"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">"this's python3"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"""hello python3</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">... </span>this's python3"""</div><div class="line"><span class="string">"hello python3\nthis's python3"</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>提示：具体使用哪种方式根据需求灵活选择</strong></p>
<h4 id="字符串连接">字符串连接</h4><p>实例：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"michael"</span>+<span class="string">" "</span>+<span class="string">"jackson"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">'michael jackson'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"micheal"</span> <span class="string">"jackson"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">'michealjackson'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"micheal "</span> <span class="string">"jackson"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">'micheal jackson'</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>注意：不推荐使用第二种方式</strong></p>
<h4 id="格式说明符">格式说明符</h4><p>实例：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"John %s%s"</span> % (<span class="string">"Every"</span>, <span class="string">"Man"</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="string">'John EveryMan'</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"%s %s %10s"</span> % (<span class="string">"John"</span> , <span class="string">"Every"</span> , <span class="string">"Man"</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="string">'John Every        Man'</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">"%-8s %s %10s"</span> % (<span class="string">"John"</span> , <span class="string">"Every"</span> , <span class="string">"Man"</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="string">'John     Every        Man'</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h4 id="原始字符串与Unicode">原始字符串与Unicode</h4><p>原始字符串r:<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>print(<span class="string">'Hello.\npython!'</span>)</div><div class="line">Hello.</div><div class="line">python!</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>print(<span class="string">r'Hello.\npython!'</span>)</div><div class="line">Hello.\npython!</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>Unicode对象：<br>python中的普通字符串在内部是以8位的ASCII码形式存储的，而Unicode字符串则存储为16的Unicode字符，这样能够表示更多的字符集。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="string">u'Hello.world!'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">'Hello.world!'</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="数值与运算符">数值与运算符</h3><p>三种数值类型<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt; type(1)</div><div class="line">&lt;class 'int'&gt;</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt; type(1.0)</div><div class="line">&lt;class 'float'&gt;</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt; type(1j)</div><div class="line">&lt;class 'complex'&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>简单数值运算</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">1</span>+<span class="number">1</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">2</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">1</span>+<span class="number">1.0</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">2.0</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">2e23445</span>*<span class="number">3e45464</span></div><div class="line">inf</div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">33</span>/<span class="number">11</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">3.0</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">4.0</span>/<span class="number">2.0</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">2.0</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">5</span>/<span class="number">3</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">1.6666666666666667</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="number">5</span>%<span class="number">3</span></div><div class="line"><span class="number">2</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>数值格式化</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>print(<span class="string">"%.2f"</span> % <span class="number">2.322551</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="number">2.32</span></div><div class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;</div><div class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>print(<span class="string">"%0.f"</span> % (<span class="number">343</span>*<span class="number">0.2</span>))</div><div class="line"><span class="number">69</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="参考">参考</h3><p>《Python编程入门经典》</p>
<h3 id="捐赠">捐赠</h3><p>如何觉得本文章对你有帮助，欢迎捐赠</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Python基础语法"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Python基础语法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#python版本"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">python版本</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#python的安装"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">python的安装</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#字符串"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符串</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#三种引号的区别"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">三种引号的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#字符串连接"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符串连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#格式说明符"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">格式说明符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#原始字符串与Unicode"><span class="toc-number">1.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">原始字符串与Unicode</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#数值与运算符"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">数值与运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#捐赠"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">捐赠</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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